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The cognitive revolution is the name for an intellectual movement in the 1950s that began what are known collectively as the cognitive sciences. It began in the modern context of greater interdisciplinary communication and research. The relevant areas of interchange were the combination of psychology, anthropology, and linguistics with approaches developed within the then-nascent fields of artificial intelligence, computer science, and neuroscience. A key idea in cognitive psychology was that by studying and developing successful functions in artificial intelligence and computer science, it becomes possible to make testable inferences about human mental processes. This has been called the reverse-engineering approach. Important publications in setting off the cognitive revolution include George A. Miller's 1956 ''Psychological Review'' article "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two"〔 ((pdf )) 〕 (one of the most frequently cited papers in psychology),〔Gorenflo, Daniel W., McConnell, James V. (1991). "The Most Frequently Cited Journal Articles and Authors in Introductory Psychology Textbooks", ''Teaching of Psychology'', 18: 8 – 12〕〔Kintsch W, Cacioppo JT.(1994). (Introduction to the 100th anniversary issue of the Psychological Review ). Psychological Review. 101: 195-199〕〔Garfied E., (1985). (Essays of an Information Scientist ), 8: 187-196; Current Contents, (#20, p.3-12, May 20)〕 Donald Broadbent's 1958 book ''Perception and Communication'',〔Broadbent, D. (1958). ''Perception and Communication.'' London: Pergamon Press.〕 Noam Chomsky's 1959 "Review of ''Verbal Behavior'', by B.F. Skinner",〔Chomsky, N. (1959) Review of Verbal Behavior, by B.F. Skinner. ''Language'' 35: 26-57.〕 and "Elements of a Theory of Human Problem Solving" by Newell, Shaw, and Simon. Ulric Neisser's 1967 book ''Cognitive Psychology''〔Neisser, U (1967) ''Cognitive Psychology'' Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.〕 was a landmark contribution. Starting in the 1960s the Harvard ''Center for Cognitive Studies'' and the ''Center for Human Information Processing'' at the University of California San Diego became influential in the development of cognitive studies. By the early 1970s according to some accounts, the cognitive movement had all but "routed" behaviorism as a psychological paradigm,〔Norm Friesen (2010). ''(Mind and Machine: Ethical and Epistemological Implications for Research )''. AI & Society 25(1) 83-92.〕〔Thagard, P. (2002). (Cognitive Science ). ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.〕〔Waldrop M.M. (2002). ''The Dream Machine: JCR Licklider and the revolution that made computing personal''. New York: Penguin Books. (p.139, p.140).〕 and by the early 1980s the cognitive approach had become the dominant research line of inquiry in most psychology research fields. ==Five major ideas from the cognitive revolution== In his book ''The Blank Slate'' (2002), psychologist Steven Pinker identified five key ideas that made up the cognitive revolution:〔Pinker 2003, p.31〕 #"The mental world can be grounded in the physical world by the concepts of information, computation, and feedback."〔 #"The mind cannot be a blank slate because blank slates don't do anything."〔Pinker 2003, p.34〕 #"An infinite range of behavior can be generated by finite combinatorial programs in the mind."〔Pinker 2003, p.36〕 #"Universal mental mechanisms can underlie superficial variation across cultures."〔Pinker 2003, p.37〕 #"The mind is a complex system composed of many interacting parts."〔Pinker 2003, p.39〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cognitive revolution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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